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British Leyland ~ Timelines
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British Leyland ~ MG ZR 160 Cars
MG ZR 160
British Leyland ~ Timelines
Notes for the timeline table
* The car brands of BSA were divested, BSA was not merged into Jaguar.
* Mini was not originally a marque in its own right. See Mini and MINI (BMW) for more detail.
* The BMC trademark is registered (1564704, E1118348) to MG Rover Group in the UK. BMC is also the name of a commercial vehicle manufacturer in Turkey, formerly the Turkish subsidiary of the British Motor Corporation. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the brand has not been re-assigned as of 17 July 2006.
* The Wolseley trademark is registered (UK 1490228) to MG Rover Group Ltd for automobiles only. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the brand has not been -reassigned as of July 2006 to a different company. The UK building materials supplier Wolseley plc owns the rights to the Wolseley name for all other purposes. Wolseley plc is a descendant of the original Wolseley company.
* The Vanden Plas trademark is owned by Ford (through Jaguar) for use within the USA and Canada, and as (UK 1133528, E2654481) to MG Rover Group Ltd for use in the rest of the world. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the trademark has not been recorded as reassigned as of 17 July 2006. This is why Jaguar XJ Vanden Plas models are branded as Daimlers in Britain. The last Rover to use the Vanden Plas name was the Rover 75 Vanden Plas, a long wheelbase limousine model.
* The Rover trademark was owned by BMW and was only licenced to MG Rover Group Ltd. BMW sold the brand to Ford in September 2006.
* Alvis was purchased from British Leyland by United Scientific Holdings plc in 1981, in 2002 Alvis merged with part of Vickers Defence Systems to form Alvis Vickers which was purchased by BAE Systems in 2004. BAE Systems did not acquire Alvis through their ownership of the Rover Group in the early 1990s. Production of Alvis branded cars ceased in 1967. The trademark is owned by Alvis Vehicles Ltd
* The use of the Triumph name as a trademark for vehicles is shared between BMW and Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. The former for automobiles and the latter for motorcycles. The motorcycle and car business separated in the 1930s.
The car firms (and car brands) which eventually merged to form the company are as follows.
The dates given are those of the first car of each name, but these are often debatable as each car may be several years in development.
* 1895 Wolseley Motor Company
* 1896 Lanchester Motor Company
* 1896 Leyland Motors Ltd (commercial vehicles)
* 1896 Daimler
* 1898 Riley
* 1903 Standard Motor Company
* 1904 Rover
* 1905 Austin
* 1912 Morris
* 1913 Vanden Plas
* 1919 Alvis
* 1923 MG created by Morris
* 1923 Triumph Motor Company
* 1924 BSA used as a car brand
* 1935 Jaguar
* 1947 Land Rover created by Rover
* 1952 Austin-Healey created by Austin division of BMC
* 1959 Mini : the car initially launched as the Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor became popularly known just as the 'Mini' and BMC recognised this by initially re-badging the Austin as the Austin Mini, and subsequently deleting both marque names from the car and effectively making Mini a marque name in its own right.
Several of these names (including Jaguar, Land Rover and Mini) are now in other hands. The history of the mergers and other key events is as follows:
* 1910 Daimler purchased by the armaments-and-motorbikes engineering company BSA
* 1931 Lanchester purchased by BSA (last Lanchester 1956)
* 1938 Morris incorporates Wolseley and Riley forming the Nuffield Organisation
* 1944 Standard acquire Triumph, forming Standard Triumph
* 1946 Austin acquire Vanden Plas
* 1952 The Nuffield Organisation and Austin merge to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC)
* 1955 Leyland Motors acquire Scammell Lorries Limited of Watford
* 1960 Jaguar buy the car-making interests of BSA, including Daimler
* 1961 Leyland Motors acquire Standard Triumph
* 1962 Leyland Motors acquired ACV, the renamed AEC (Associated Equipment Company) company.
* 1963 Jaguar acquire the engine and fork lift truck manufacturing company Coventry Climax
* 1965 Rover acquire Alvis
* 1966 BMC merge with Jaguar to form British Motor Holdings (BMH)
* 1967 Leyland absorb Rover
* 1968 Leyland merge with British Motor Holdings to form the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC)
* 1969 Joint venture with the National Bus Company to build Leyland National buses, and also to continue the manufacture of Bristol buses previously built by the NBC
* 1970s Majority stake in Danish partner DAB, to form Leyland-DAB, producer of the Leyland-DAB articulated bus
* 1972 BLMC take control of Innocenti
* 1974 Cessation of production of cars in Australia
* 1975 Publication of the Ryder Report, British Leyland effectively nationalised due to financial difficulties with new holding company formed British Leyland Ltd later BL plc with the government as the principal (but not the only) shareholder
* 1977 Michael Edwardes appointed as Chairman by Labour Government. Begins massive cull of excess BL assets.
* 1982 BL buys out the National Bus Company from the bus plant joint venture.
* 1969 The last Riley Elf, 1300, and 4/72 models were built, thus ending the Riley marque
* 1975 Innocenti passed to Alejandro de Tomaso
* 1976 Final Wolseley, a 2200, is built, thus ending the Wolseley marque
* 1978 Land Rover separated from Rover to form a separate company, still part of BL
* 1979 Collaboration with Honda begins, sacking of Derek Robinson ("Red Robbo")
* 1978 Closure of Triumph assembly plant in Speke - production moved to Canley
* 1980 Closure of MG and Triumph assembly plants in Abingdon and Canley
* 1981 Closure of Rover-Triumph plant in Solihull
* 1981 Alvis sold to United Scientific Holdings and Alvis plc formed
* 1982 Michael Edwardes steps down as Chairman, BL Cars Ltd renamed Austin Rover Group (ARG)
* 1982 Leyland Tractors sold to Marshall Tractors, tractor production at Bathgate assembly plant ends
* 1983 Closure of Bristol bus plant, production transferred to Leyland National plant at Workington
* 1984 Morris Ital goes out of production, signalling the end of the Morris badge
* 1984 Jaguar floated off (including Daimler and the US rights to Vanden Plas); bought by Ford in 1989
* 1984 Final Triumph Acclaim rolls off the production line, ending the Triumph name
* 1985 Closure of Bathgate truck assembly plant
* 1986 BL plc renamed Rover Group, Austin badges disappear the following year
* 1986 Leyland Bus floated off; bought by Volvo in 1988
* 1987 Leyland Trucks division (including Freight Rover vans) merged with DAF to form DAF NV/Leyland DAF. Vans became independent as LDV in 1993, as did Trucks as Leyland Trucks. Leyland Trucks was taken over by US giant PACCAR in 1998 and integrated with Foden.
* 1987 Unipart, BL's spare parts division acquired by management buy-out
* 1988 Rover Group privatised; sold to British Aerospace
* 1994 Rover Group sold to BMW; collaboration with Honda ends
* 1994 Maestro and Montego go out of production.
* 1998 Metro/100-series goes out of production - the last of the former Austin models.
* 2000 BMW decides to break up and sell the Rover empire; Land Rover sold to Ford
* 2000 BMW MINI, Triumph, and Riley trademarks retained by BMW, but BMW's other interests sold off
* 2000 Remainder of company became independent as the MG Rover Group
* 2005 MG Rover goes into administration with huge debts, and is taken over by Nanjing Automobile.
* 2006 Ford acquires the rights to the Rover brand name from BMW, though without any immediate plans for using it on production cars.
* 2008 Ford completes the sale of Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors, of India.
# 1948 Land Rover (Rover)
# 1948 Morris Minor (Nuffield)
# 1952 Rover 90 (Rover)
# 1952 Morris Oxford (BMC)
# 1954 Austin Cambridge (BMC)
# 1959 Triumph Herald (Standard-Triumph)
# 1959 Austin Gipsy (BMC)
# 1959 Mini (BMC; Initially badged as the Austin Se7en and Morris Mini-Minor)
# 1961 Jaguar E-type (Jaguar)
# 1961 Riley Elf (BMC)
# 1961 Wolseley Hornet (BMC)
# 1961 Austin Healey Sprite (BMC)
# 1961 MG Midget (BMC)
# 1962 Triumph Spitfire (Leyland-Triumph)
# 1962 Morris 1100 (BMC)
# 1962 MG MGB (BMC)
# 1963 Triumph 2000 (Leyland-Triumph)
# 1964 Mini Moke (BMC)
# 1964 Austin 1800/2200 (BMC)
# 1964 Rover 2000 (Rover)
# 1968 Jaguar XJ6 (BLMC)
# 1969 Austin Maxi (BLMC)
# 1970 Triumph Dolomite (BLMC)
# 1970 Triumph Toledo (BLMC)
# 1970 Range Rover (BLMC)
# 1971 Morris Marina (BLMC)
# 1971 Triumph Stag (BLMC)
# 1973 Austin Allegro (BLMC)
# 1975 Princess (BL)
# 1975 Triumph TR7 (BL)
# 1975 Jaguar XJS (BL)
# 1976–1987: Rover SD1 (BL)
# 1980–1990: Austin Metro (BL)
# 1980–1984: Morris Ital (BL)
# 1981 Triumph Acclaim (BL)
# 1982 Austin Ambassador (ARG)
# 1983 Austin Maestro (ARG)
# 1984 Austin Montego (ARG)
# 1984 Rover 200-series (ARG)
# 1986 Rover 800-series/Sterling (ARG)
In some cases, British Leyland continued to produce competing models from the merged companies at different sites for many years. However, any benefits from the broader number of models were far outweighed by higher development costs and greatly reduced economies of scale.
Sadly, potential benefits associated with rationalising parts usage were lost, as for example, the company made two completely different 1.3 litre engines (BMC A series and the Triumph 1.3 litre), two different 1.5 litre engines (BMC E series and Triumph), four different 2 litre engines (4 cylinder O series, 4 cylinder Triumph Dolomite, 4 cylinder Rover and 6 cylinder Triumph) and two completely different V8 engines (Triumph OHC 3 litre V8 and Rover 3.5 litre V8).
* Morris Minor and Austin A40/Austin 1100
* Austin 1300 and Triumph Herald/Triumph Toledo
* Morris Marina, Austin Allegro, and Triumph Dolomite
* Triumph 2000, Rover 2000, and Austin Princess
* Triumph Spitfire, MG Midget and Austin-Healey Sprite
* Triumph TR6/Triumph TR7 and MG MGB
* Rover 3500 and Jaguar XJ6.
In contrast to the continued development of competing models, British Leyland continued the practice of badge engineering of models which had started under BMC; selling essentially the same vehicle under two (or more) different marques.
* Riley One-Point-Five/Wolseley 1500
* MG Magnette ZA/ZB/Wolseley 4/44
* MG Magnette ZB/Wolseley 15/50
* Morris Oxford MO/Wolseley 4/50
* Morris Six/Wolseley 6/80
* Austin A99 Westminster/Wolseley 6/99
* Austin A110 Westminster/Wolseley 6/110
* Austin 1800/Morris 1800/Wolseley 18/85/Austin 2200/Morris 2200/Wolseley Six
* Austin A55 Cambridge/MG Magnette Mk. III/Morris Oxford V/Riley 4/68/Wolseley 15/60
* Austin A60 Cambridge/MG Magnette Mk. IV/Morris Oxford VI/Riley 4/72/Wolseley 16/60
* Riley Pathfinder/Riley Two-Point-Six/Wolseley 6/90
* Austin Se7en/Morris Mini-Minor
* Morris Mini Traveller/Austin Mini Countryman
* Riley Elf/Wolseley Hornet
* Austin 1100/Austin 1300/Morris 1100/Morris 1300/MG 1100/Riley Kestrel/Riley 1300/Vanden Plas Princess/Wolseley 1100
* Austin-Healey Sprite/MG Midget.
Related : British Leyland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, MG ZR 160 Cars
* The car brands of BSA were divested, BSA was not merged into Jaguar.
* Mini was not originally a marque in its own right. See Mini and MINI (BMW) for more detail.
* The BMC trademark is registered (1564704, E1118348) to MG Rover Group in the UK. BMC is also the name of a commercial vehicle manufacturer in Turkey, formerly the Turkish subsidiary of the British Motor Corporation. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the brand has not been re-assigned as of 17 July 2006.
* The Wolseley trademark is registered (UK 1490228) to MG Rover Group Ltd for automobiles only. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the brand has not been -reassigned as of July 2006 to a different company. The UK building materials supplier Wolseley plc owns the rights to the Wolseley name for all other purposes. Wolseley plc is a descendant of the original Wolseley company.
* The Vanden Plas trademark is owned by Ford (through Jaguar) for use within the USA and Canada, and as (UK 1133528, E2654481) to MG Rover Group Ltd for use in the rest of the world. It is believed that Nanjing Automotive may have purchased this from MG Rover, however the trademark has not been recorded as reassigned as of 17 July 2006. This is why Jaguar XJ Vanden Plas models are branded as Daimlers in Britain. The last Rover to use the Vanden Plas name was the Rover 75 Vanden Plas, a long wheelbase limousine model.
* The Rover trademark was owned by BMW and was only licenced to MG Rover Group Ltd. BMW sold the brand to Ford in September 2006.
* Alvis was purchased from British Leyland by United Scientific Holdings plc in 1981, in 2002 Alvis merged with part of Vickers Defence Systems to form Alvis Vickers which was purchased by BAE Systems in 2004. BAE Systems did not acquire Alvis through their ownership of the Rover Group in the early 1990s. Production of Alvis branded cars ceased in 1967. The trademark is owned by Alvis Vehicles Ltd
* The use of the Triumph name as a trademark for vehicles is shared between BMW and Triumph Motorcycles Ltd. The former for automobiles and the latter for motorcycles. The motorcycle and car business separated in the 1930s.
Merged companies
The car firms (and car brands) which eventually merged to form the company are as follows.
The dates given are those of the first car of each name, but these are often debatable as each car may be several years in development.
* 1895 Wolseley Motor Company
* 1896 Lanchester Motor Company
* 1896 Leyland Motors Ltd (commercial vehicles)
* 1896 Daimler
* 1898 Riley
* 1903 Standard Motor Company
* 1904 Rover
* 1905 Austin
* 1912 Morris
* 1913 Vanden Plas
* 1919 Alvis
* 1923 MG created by Morris
* 1923 Triumph Motor Company
* 1924 BSA used as a car brand
* 1935 Jaguar
* 1947 Land Rover created by Rover
* 1952 Austin-Healey created by Austin division of BMC
* 1959 Mini : the car initially launched as the Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor became popularly known just as the 'Mini' and BMC recognised this by initially re-badging the Austin as the Austin Mini, and subsequently deleting both marque names from the car and effectively making Mini a marque name in its own right.
Other merger events
Several of these names (including Jaguar, Land Rover and Mini) are now in other hands. The history of the mergers and other key events is as follows:
* 1910 Daimler purchased by the armaments-and-motorbikes engineering company BSA
* 1931 Lanchester purchased by BSA (last Lanchester 1956)
* 1938 Morris incorporates Wolseley and Riley forming the Nuffield Organisation
* 1944 Standard acquire Triumph, forming Standard Triumph
* 1946 Austin acquire Vanden Plas
* 1952 The Nuffield Organisation and Austin merge to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC)
* 1955 Leyland Motors acquire Scammell Lorries Limited of Watford
* 1960 Jaguar buy the car-making interests of BSA, including Daimler
* 1961 Leyland Motors acquire Standard Triumph
* 1962 Leyland Motors acquired ACV, the renamed AEC (Associated Equipment Company) company.
* 1963 Jaguar acquire the engine and fork lift truck manufacturing company Coventry Climax
* 1965 Rover acquire Alvis
* 1966 BMC merge with Jaguar to form British Motor Holdings (BMH)
* 1967 Leyland absorb Rover
* 1968 Leyland merge with British Motor Holdings to form the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC)
* 1969 Joint venture with the National Bus Company to build Leyland National buses, and also to continue the manufacture of Bristol buses previously built by the NBC
* 1970s Majority stake in Danish partner DAB, to form Leyland-DAB, producer of the Leyland-DAB articulated bus
* 1972 BLMC take control of Innocenti
* 1974 Cessation of production of cars in Australia
* 1975 Publication of the Ryder Report, British Leyland effectively nationalised due to financial difficulties with new holding company formed British Leyland Ltd later BL plc with the government as the principal (but not the only) shareholder
* 1977 Michael Edwardes appointed as Chairman by Labour Government. Begins massive cull of excess BL assets.
* 1982 BL buys out the National Bus Company from the bus plant joint venture.
Divestments
* 1969 The last Riley Elf, 1300, and 4/72 models were built, thus ending the Riley marque
* 1975 Innocenti passed to Alejandro de Tomaso
* 1976 Final Wolseley, a 2200, is built, thus ending the Wolseley marque
* 1978 Land Rover separated from Rover to form a separate company, still part of BL
* 1979 Collaboration with Honda begins, sacking of Derek Robinson ("Red Robbo")
* 1978 Closure of Triumph assembly plant in Speke - production moved to Canley
* 1980 Closure of MG and Triumph assembly plants in Abingdon and Canley
* 1981 Closure of Rover-Triumph plant in Solihull
* 1981 Alvis sold to United Scientific Holdings and Alvis plc formed
* 1982 Michael Edwardes steps down as Chairman, BL Cars Ltd renamed Austin Rover Group (ARG)
* 1982 Leyland Tractors sold to Marshall Tractors, tractor production at Bathgate assembly plant ends
* 1983 Closure of Bristol bus plant, production transferred to Leyland National plant at Workington
* 1984 Morris Ital goes out of production, signalling the end of the Morris badge
* 1984 Jaguar floated off (including Daimler and the US rights to Vanden Plas); bought by Ford in 1989
* 1984 Final Triumph Acclaim rolls off the production line, ending the Triumph name
* 1985 Closure of Bathgate truck assembly plant
* 1986 BL plc renamed Rover Group, Austin badges disappear the following year
* 1986 Leyland Bus floated off; bought by Volvo in 1988
* 1987 Leyland Trucks division (including Freight Rover vans) merged with DAF to form DAF NV/Leyland DAF. Vans became independent as LDV in 1993, as did Trucks as Leyland Trucks. Leyland Trucks was taken over by US giant PACCAR in 1998 and integrated with Foden.
* 1987 Unipart, BL's spare parts division acquired by management buy-out
* 1988 Rover Group privatised; sold to British Aerospace
* 1994 Rover Group sold to BMW; collaboration with Honda ends
* 1994 Maestro and Montego go out of production.
* 1998 Metro/100-series goes out of production - the last of the former Austin models.
* 2000 BMW decides to break up and sell the Rover empire; Land Rover sold to Ford
* 2000 BMW MINI, Triumph, and Riley trademarks retained by BMW, but BMW's other interests sold off
* 2000 Remainder of company became independent as the MG Rover Group
* 2005 MG Rover goes into administration with huge debts, and is taken over by Nanjing Automobile.
* 2006 Ford acquires the rights to the Rover brand name from BMW, though without any immediate plans for using it on production cars.
* 2008 Ford completes the sale of Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors, of India.
List of notable BL and BMC and related models (up to 1986)
# 1948 Land Rover (Rover)
# 1948 Morris Minor (Nuffield)
# 1952 Rover 90 (Rover)
# 1952 Morris Oxford (BMC)
# 1954 Austin Cambridge (BMC)
# 1959 Triumph Herald (Standard-Triumph)
# 1959 Austin Gipsy (BMC)
# 1959 Mini (BMC; Initially badged as the Austin Se7en and Morris Mini-Minor)
# 1961 Jaguar E-type (Jaguar)
# 1961 Riley Elf (BMC)
# 1961 Wolseley Hornet (BMC)
# 1961 Austin Healey Sprite (BMC)
# 1961 MG Midget (BMC)
# 1962 Triumph Spitfire (Leyland-Triumph)
# 1962 Morris 1100 (BMC)
# 1962 MG MGB (BMC)
# 1963 Triumph 2000 (Leyland-Triumph)
# 1964 Mini Moke (BMC)
# 1964 Austin 1800/2200 (BMC)
# 1964 Rover 2000 (Rover)
# 1968 Jaguar XJ6 (BLMC)
# 1969 Austin Maxi (BLMC)
# 1970 Triumph Dolomite (BLMC)
# 1970 Triumph Toledo (BLMC)
# 1970 Range Rover (BLMC)
# 1971 Morris Marina (BLMC)
# 1971 Triumph Stag (BLMC)
# 1973 Austin Allegro (BLMC)
# 1975 Princess (BL)
# 1975 Triumph TR7 (BL)
# 1975 Jaguar XJS (BL)
# 1976–1987: Rover SD1 (BL)
# 1980–1990: Austin Metro (BL)
# 1980–1984: Morris Ital (BL)
# 1981 Triumph Acclaim (BL)
# 1982 Austin Ambassador (ARG)
# 1983 Austin Maestro (ARG)
# 1984 Austin Montego (ARG)
# 1984 Rover 200-series (ARG)
# 1986 Rover 800-series/Sterling (ARG)
Competing models
In some cases, British Leyland continued to produce competing models from the merged companies at different sites for many years. However, any benefits from the broader number of models were far outweighed by higher development costs and greatly reduced economies of scale.
Sadly, potential benefits associated with rationalising parts usage were lost, as for example, the company made two completely different 1.3 litre engines (BMC A series and the Triumph 1.3 litre), two different 1.5 litre engines (BMC E series and Triumph), four different 2 litre engines (4 cylinder O series, 4 cylinder Triumph Dolomite, 4 cylinder Rover and 6 cylinder Triumph) and two completely different V8 engines (Triumph OHC 3 litre V8 and Rover 3.5 litre V8).
Examples of competing cars were:
* Morris Minor and Austin A40/Austin 1100
* Austin 1300 and Triumph Herald/Triumph Toledo
* Morris Marina, Austin Allegro, and Triumph Dolomite
* Triumph 2000, Rover 2000, and Austin Princess
* Triumph Spitfire, MG Midget and Austin-Healey Sprite
* Triumph TR6/Triumph TR7 and MG MGB
* Rover 3500 and Jaguar XJ6.
Badge-engineered models
In contrast to the continued development of competing models, British Leyland continued the practice of badge engineering of models which had started under BMC; selling essentially the same vehicle under two (or more) different marques.
* Riley One-Point-Five/Wolseley 1500
* MG Magnette ZA/ZB/Wolseley 4/44
* MG Magnette ZB/Wolseley 15/50
* Morris Oxford MO/Wolseley 4/50
* Morris Six/Wolseley 6/80
* Austin A99 Westminster/Wolseley 6/99
* Austin A110 Westminster/Wolseley 6/110
* Austin 1800/Morris 1800/Wolseley 18/85/Austin 2200/Morris 2200/Wolseley Six
* Austin A55 Cambridge/MG Magnette Mk. III/Morris Oxford V/Riley 4/68/Wolseley 15/60
* Austin A60 Cambridge/MG Magnette Mk. IV/Morris Oxford VI/Riley 4/72/Wolseley 16/60
* Riley Pathfinder/Riley Two-Point-Six/Wolseley 6/90
* Austin Se7en/Morris Mini-Minor
* Morris Mini Traveller/Austin Mini Countryman
* Riley Elf/Wolseley Hornet
* Austin 1100/Austin 1300/Morris 1100/Morris 1300/MG 1100/Riley Kestrel/Riley 1300/Vanden Plas Princess/Wolseley 1100
* Austin-Healey Sprite/MG Midget.
Related : British Leyland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, MG ZR 160 Cars
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